1. 创建型
    *灵活方式创建对象*
         - 抽象工厂
         - 建造者
         - 工厂方法
         - 原型
         - 单例
 2. 结构型
     *将一种对象改装为另一种对象，或将小对象合成大对象*
         - 适配器
         - 桥接
         - 组合
         - 修饰器
         - 外观
         - 享元
         - 代理
 3. 行为型
     *关注做事过程，算法及对象间的交互*
         - 责任链
         - 命令
         - 解释器
         - 迭代器
         - 中介者
         - 备忘录
         - 观察者
         - 状态
         - 策略
         - 模板方法
         - 访问者

    是一种接口适配技术，可通过某个类来使用另一个接口与之不兼容的类。
    使用时，两个类的接口都无须改动。

    把某个类从其原先的应用场景中拿出来放在另一个环境中运行，而这个类又不能修改。

from dog import Dog
class Creature(object):
    """The base class for creatures in 2D Land"""
    def make_noise(self):
        """
        This is a technique to fake an ABC
        in Python 2.X
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

class Person(Creature):
    """A representation of a person in 2D Land"""
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def make_noise(self):
        return "hello"

class DogClassAdapter(Creature, Dog):
    """Adapts the Dog class through multiple inheritance"""
    def __init__(self, name):
        Dog.__init__(self, name)

    def make_noise(self):
        """
        Provide the 'make_noise' method that
        the client expects
        """
        return self.bark()

class DogObjectAdapter(Creature):
    """Adapts the Dog class through encapsulation"""
    def __init__(self, canine):
        self.canine = canine
    def make_noise(self):
        """This is the only method that's adapted"""
        return self.canine.bark()       
    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """Everything else is delegated to the object"""
        return getattr(self.canine, attr)

from dog import Dog
class Person(object):
    """A representation of a person in 2D Land"""
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def make_noise(self):
        return "hello"

class DogAdapter(object):
    """Adapts the Dog class through encapsulation"""
    def __init__(self, canine):
        self.canine = canine

    def make_noise(self):
        """This is the only method that's adapted"""
        return self.canine.bark()

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """Everything else is delegated to the object"""
        return getattr(self.canine, attr)

def click_creature(creature):
    """
    React to a click by showing the creature's
    name and what is says
    """

    return (creature.name, creature.make_noise())

from dog import Dog
from listing3 import Person, DogAdapter
def exercise_system():
    person = Person("Bob")
    canine = DogAdapter(Dog("Fido"))

    for critter in (person, canine):

        print critter.name, "says", critter.make_noise()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    exercise_system()

class Cat(object):
    """A representation of a cat in 2D Land"""
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
    def meow(self):
        return "meow"


class CreatureAdapter(object):
    """Adapts a creature for clients in 2D Land"""
    def __init__(self, creature, make_noise):
        """Pass in the function to use as 'make_noise'"""
        self.creature = creature
        self.make_noise = make_noise
    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """Everything else is delegated to the object"""
        return getattr(self.creature, attr)

from dog import Dog
from cat import Cat
from twodeeland import Person, CreatureAdapter
def exercise_system():
    person = Person("Bob")
    fido = Dog("Fido")
    canine = CreatureAdapter(fido, fido.bark)
    whiskers = Cat("Whiskers")
    feline = CreatureAdapter(whiskers, whiskers.meow)

    for critter in (person, canine, feline):
        print critter.name, "says", critter.make_noise